Monroe County Master Gardener Association

Happy New Year!!!!!!

In celebration, I would like to finalize my quest to name that mystery plant by disclosing its name to you. Please go back into the blog to review photos and highlights-(Thank you Paul for your photos & PDFs on bittersweet.) In response to the initial question, Jenny (my secret accomplice) offered her expertise by sending me a hint for review. Sure enough–it would offer me some valuable resources to provide me with what we believe is the positive ID of this plant-BUT she did not want to give the answer at this point. Had I been approaching it all wrong–so even though we thought we had it named, why not take the opportunity to share the methods available to us, as gardeners, to ID a plant. It was fun to see who or what some of you would post. Following the last post–Naida, another accomplished master gardener offered her insight and again—gave a link to share-which she believed allowed her to narrow down the list of possibilities. Folks, let me tell you–there is just so much information out there.

Linda has included those link for all of us to have.
http://cuteurl.info/wweeinfo-euonymus-fortunei-fruit.html

And now–without further adieu-May I
present to you the name of the unknown plant:

SPREADING EUONYMUS KIAALLTSCHOVICUS

In Jenny’s words—now wasn’t that fun????
I hope you all enjoyed this quest…………..I know I enjoyed sharing the experience with you
All the best to you for 2019……………. gail

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All is Calm

All is Bright

GK

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Photos and article by Gail K.

Sorry for the delay, but I felt given the time of year-many of you would probably not visit the blog. Besides, to continue this quest is a great way to start off the new year……. Before we start, take a moment to go back in the blog and reacquaint yourself with the subject matter—a quest to identify “the plant”. Moving on; it is apparent the unknown plant is not bittersweet, despite those berries. Since mentioning, I want to share some of the notable traits of NATIVE bittersweet. As habitats are lost– native plant species are being destroyed.
To that end- is a goal to teach gardeners how to once again incorporate native plants into their gardens. Not just flowering plants but those that provide food.

Paul, offered to help give some details on native bittersweet. Many of us heard Paul speak of this plant on the tour of his native garden. For you who did not get to attend here are some highlights. American Bittersweet-Celustus Scandens L.

First notable:glossy green “summer” foliage. This plant looses it leaves (unlike the unknown) The bittersweet are the rounded bushes in the background/ on left side of photo.

Next notable: the fruit……….

(see above) In the native, the ripe fruits are orange to yellow orange. there are 2-4 cells in each “berry” and 1-2 seeds in each cell.

Here is the fruit of the invasive bittersweet

Here is the fruit of the unknown plant.

In the native bittersweet-each seed is enclosed by a bright scarlet fleshy aril–not much different than the other two plant types.

The non native produces more seeds and birds prefer them over the native berries. Another notable is the flower-the native flowers are small & fragrant–greenish white or greenish yellow in color, growing in clusters at the branch tips. Not much different from the other two plants—but the non native has higher pollen viability and is more efficient in photosynthesis. Since I don’t know what the other plant is, I have nothing to compare on that. The American Bittersweet can girdle & kill live plants that it uses for support. just like the non-native but the growth habitat of the non native is to grow “over” preventing photosynthesis. Paul has sent us some PDF info on both of these plants and I would suggest reading over these to better inform yourself. (Click on PDF file to open)
Bittersweet-American and Oriental Identification USDA

Bittersweet-American and Oriental Identification

Since it seems that the oriental is displacing the native and in some instances, if the two species are found together–there is evidence of hybridizing–conservation groups are making efforts to get rid of the oriental version. Attached is another note: and a volunteer effort to learn and to help (these can be used for your 2019 MG re-certification credits).

Next week: The answer to the quest

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On Saturday, March 16 from 8 to 4 at Wayne County Community College the Growing Great Gardens Seminar in Taylor, MI takes place, and this is also the date of our MG meeting. Registration is now open and MANY of our master gardeners attend this seminar. The cost is reasonable – $50 – compared to other seminars.
Registration link:
https://taylorconservatory.org/event/growing-great-gardens-2019/

In addition, on Wednesday, February 13 another great seminar is coming up – the 2019 Plants of Distinction at the Sheraton in Novi. Mary Wilson sent out an email recently advising us to “save the date” and she will be sending another email as soon as registration is open.

Thanks,
Naida

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Naida sends us these photos of her Schefflera, Umbrella plant. This is a first for me. Have you ever seen one with blooms before? It’s fun to see blooms in these cold months. Thanks Naida

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Book review and some research.

Fences and Hedges and Other Garden dividersBy Richard Bird, photography by Stephen Robson.
When I chose this book for a review, I found it much more entertaining and educational than I first thought. To me, it is much more than a project book as claimed on the cover. I would recommend it just for the beautiful photos alone. Each fence, trellis, or hedge (and more) has a materials and equipment list and a detailed fold out page of instructions including sketches and diagrams. There are also instructions for pruning and trimming.
When reading the fruit wall section I learned a lot more about all manner of fruits that can be trained in different designs. I knew espaliers-but cordons and fans, pleaching and palmette? So that led me down some rabbit holes of research giving me a deeper understanding of the different techniques which I will attempt to explain here.

Pleaching or plashing is the art of training the canopy of trees into shapes that create a ceiling or tunnel. Some are planted in a straight line and pruned to a flat surface above the desired height of the trunk. Branches are tied to wire or canes to make tiers and kept in design by regular pruning. I have seen trees like this but didn’t know the name of the design. The talent of training fruit bearing plants and trees goes back to the Romans and Egyptians. However Europeans, especially the French, practiced and developed the designs we are more familiar with in current times.

Palmette is fan shaped espalier design and cordon is the growth of a tree as a single stem with several branches trimmed to grow outward then turning upward shaped like a candelabra. Pollarding is a technique of removing branches of a tree far enough up to keep wildlife from bothering or eating them. The next step is repeated removal of branches creating a thick trunk with thinner branches above it. The foliage is lovely but you may liken it to a work of art when the leaves fall and you see the skeleton of the tree exposing a sculpture like design. Coppicing cuts the branches of a tree nearly to the ground yearly to harvest wood for different uses. The low canopy of foliage can be a habitat for wild life as well. This technique is used widely in woodland management rather than designed gardening. So these are some descriptions of a few different techniques I found after my interest piqued and I started looking for more information. Alas, I do not have illustrations.

I found a few good reasons for pruning trees to espalier designs. 1) They take up much less space so even a small yard or up against a building would accommodate their growth. 2)They are easy to train when they are young. 3) The sun reaches the spaced-out foliage better and results in the ripening of more fruit. 4) It’s easier to reach early fruit to thin for larger fruit growth.
I actually focused on the espalier design for this report, but I would recommend this book if you are interested in building or enjoy viewing well illustrated walls, hedges, fences, or decorative dividers. There are several pages in the back of the book showing basic techniques of building and gardening techniques as well. I’m not intending on building, but I just loved the illustrations of plants, flowers, trees and gardens. This book would also make a nice gift.
Winnie Webb. Master gardener.

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Gail writes:
Good Day: the quest continues to identify the plant in last weeks blog. Winnie sent in the lone comment; could it be some type of bittersweet? Initially I too thought the same, as I used the berry to try & narrow down the the options; but without success. While the berries offered a good start,
as master gardeners we know we must look at all aspects of the plant if we are to identify a plant accurately. (below is a refresher picture of the plant in ??) With not having much opportunity at this time of the year for outdoor learning, we (Linda, & I and a secret partner) have decided to make this quest educational….
Winnie did not mention which bittersweet. So let’s start with an intro: As you all know there are two types of bittersweet-the oriental and the native. Paul will be helping me with the native version. As for the oriental–all I had to do was drive around Bedford Twsp to find it—-patches of blazing orange dot many of the roadside ditches, making it easy to spot.

above: note the structure of the oriental bittersweet. An entanglement of leafless branches… an obstructive growth along the ditch banks. This plant is extremely heavy and if allowed to grow into say a nearby tree- it can and most certainly will bring down the branches in time. It is very prolific
and despite it’s fall beauty– is considered to be INVASIVE. It has become so prolific that efforts to rid protected areas of this plant are underway as we speak.
BELOW: the plant in question–what is different?? Structure, leaves–seed pods???

Speaking of seed pods—–let’s take a closer look. Here are two pics of the seed pods from the oriental bittersweet.


We will discuss the placement of the seedpods when we compare the native bittersweet…………
Let’s look closer at the seeds, compare the two the oriental bittersweet…….and the unknown

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Now look at the berry of the unknown plant.

Some very obvious differences I would say. Not just in color, but in the very structure. Open one of the berries on this plant and again we find one seed.

What do you see?? That seed looks an awful lot like the seed from the bittersweet plant. I think we can safely say it isn’t the oriental bittersweet plant but Could we be looking at a plant that may be in the bittersweet family??? Keep reading, together and with help from our secret partner; we can & will conquer this quest. To assist your research–here is another clue. This plant reseeds easily
once it lands on the ground; but performs as a ground cover before it matures into a woody shrub….(duh–never even gave that a thought). Here is a picture depicting that growth habit-the mother plant is just to the top right side of the picture.

With help from our MG member Paul who is well versed in native plants–we will
study the native version of bittersweet……..gk

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